Biography j edgar hoover

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Toggle the table of contents. In office March 22, — May 2, Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon. Patrick Gray Acting. Details around the police shooting of Hampton and other Black Panther members took decades to come to light. The FBI went to work rooting out Soviet spies and dismantling their espionage networks, aggressively prosecuting accused spies like Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.

On the now-discredited theory that communism was linked to homosexuality, the FBI compiled vast files of suspected or known homosexuals within the U. Ironically, rumors that Hoover himself was a closeted homosexual—and had a sexual relationship with his close friend and right-hand man at the FBI, Clyde Tolson—had swirled since the s.

Apart from the fact that Hoover was particularly close to his mother, and until her death in lived with her in their family home, his personal life has remained shrouded in secrecy. Hoover also compiled a considerable file on President John F. After the assassination of John F. Kennedy , President Lyndon B. Though Hoover might have retired at the then-mandatory retirement age of 70 in , Johnson waived that law, and Hoover stayed in office.

Nixon , his leadership came under threat at the outset of the s, as his enemies within the White House plotted to replace him—and an ambitious subordinate, Bill Sullivan, angled for his job. Fearing Hoover still had the power to bring down the government, Nixon backed down from firing him in early In , the GID conducted raids without search warrants and arrested hundreds of individuals from suspected radical groups.

In , the year-old Hoover was appointed the director of the Bureau of Investigation by President Calvin Coolidge. He had long sought the position and accepted the appointment on the conditions that the bureau be completely divorced from politics and that the director report only to the attorney general. As director, Hoover put into effect a number of institutional changes.

He fired agents he considered political appointees or unqualified and ordered background checks, interviews and physical tests for new agent applicants. He also obtained increased funding from Congress and instituted a technical laboratory that conducted scientific methods for gathering and analyzing evidence. In , Congress established the Federal Bureau of Investigation and kept Hoover on as its director.

During the s, violent gangsters wreaked havoc on small towns across the Midwest. Syndicated criminal organizations were also amassing power in large cities. Hoover pressed for and received authority to have Bureau agents go after these groups under federal interstate laws. The Bureau performed domestic counterintelligence, counterespionage and counter-sabotage investigations within the United States, and President Franklin D.

War Emergency Division [ edit ]. Bureau of Investigation [ edit ]. Head of the Radical Division [ edit ]. Head of the Bureau of Investigation [ edit ]. Depression-era gangsters [ edit ]. American Mafia [ edit ]. Investigation of subversion and radicals [ edit ]. Florida and Long Island U-boat landings [ edit ]. Main article: Operation Pastorius.

Illegal wiretapping [ edit ]. Concealed espionage discoveries [ edit ]. Plans for expanding the FBI to do global intelligence [ edit ].

Biography j edgar hoover

Plans for suspending habeas corpus [ edit ]. Reaction to civil rights groups [ edit ]. Late career and death [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ]. FBI [ edit ]. White Christian nationalism [ edit ]. Private life [ edit ]. Pets [ edit ]. Sexuality [ edit ]. Hoover and Tolson [ edit ]. Other romantic allegations [ edit ]. Pornography for blackmail [ edit ]. Cross-dressing story [ edit ].

Lavender Scare [ edit ]. Main article: Lavender scare. Supportive friends [ edit ]. Alleged African-American Ancestry [ edit ]. Written works [ edit ]. Honors [ edit ]. Theater and media portrayals [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. The Guardian. Retrieved April 21, Hoover never joined a political party and claimed he was 'not political'.

In fact, he admitted privately, he was a staunch, lifelong supporter of the Republican Party. Retrieved February 20, Retrieved July 21, Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. April 28, Chicago Tribune. September 8, Browne and Robert C. Cottrell, M. Sharpe New York and London , , p. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, American Almanac.

London, UK. January 1, Enemies — A history of the FBI 1 ed. New York: Random House. Penguin Books. Edgar Hoover 28 June Archived from the original on 14 March Archived from the original on July 1, Retrieved May 10, Edgar Hoover's GW Years". GW Today. George Washington University. Archived from the original on June 11, Edgar, and complained of the idea that radicals should "be allowed to speak and write as they like.

Edgar Hoover and the 'Red Summer' of ". Journal of American Studies. JSTOR S2CID Hoover asked Anthony Caminetti, the Commissioner of the Bureau of Immigration, to consider deporting Garvey, forwarding an anonymous letter from New York about Garvey's alleged crookedness. Meanwhile, George Ruch placed Garvey at the top of a new central list of deportable radicals.

Hoover ordered a new investigation of Garvey's "aggressive activities" and the preparation of a deportation case. Garvey was imprisoned in February and deported to Jamaica in November Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Convinced that the crusader was "financed by the Communist Party," agents described Briggs as one of Rose Pastor Stokes' "able assistants in this work.

Edgar August 23, Washington, D. Retrieved August 15, Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman are, beyond doubt, two of the most dangerous anarchists in this country and if permitted to return to the community will result in undue harm. The Observer. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Archived from the original on September 26, Matawan Lodge No.

Archived from the original on May 10, Penrhyn Gold Hill Archived from the original on January 4, Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 22, Retrieved September 30, The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 14, Retrieved January 30, Burns, August 22, — June 14, ". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved January 19, December 21, Encyclopedia of United States National Security.

March 26, Bibcode : Natur. PMID Edgar Hoover's War Against Him. Public Affairs. July 8, Archived from the original on August 12, Retrieved October 26, Journal de la Criminalistique. July 23, Retrieved April 17, August 10, Through the medium of the fingerprint, the Department of Justice is developing an international clearinghouse for the identification of criminals.

New York: Facts on File. New York City: Pocket Books. New York: Time Warner Books. Petersburg Times. January 28, Retrieved May 28, The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 27, Hamlet a 'Crime Shrine". Los Angeles Times. November 19, Hundley, 80 [obituary]". Retrieved June 21, Hitler's Undercover War. Martin's Press. World War II Magazine.

Robert Kennedy and His Times. Retrieved December 31, Edgar Hoover's world-wide intelligence service and the limits of bureaucratic autonomy in the national security state". Studies in American Political Development. ISSN X. Retrieved April 15, December 22, Archived from the original on June 3, Martin's Paperbacks. States of Confinement: Policing, Detention, and Prisons.

Palgrave Macmillan. Soft Skull Press. Archived from the original on October 19, Retrieved October 25, Howard, an unlikely civil rights hero". ISSN Retrieved January 31, Thomson Reuters. December 16, South End Press.