Ec george sudarshan biography of martin

A lover of education, learning, and teaching, he worked at the University of Rochester, Harvard, Syracuse, the Indian Institute of Science, the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, and the University of Texas where he was a professor and theoretician for 47 years. A vedantin and great fan of classical Indian music, he enjoyed jokes, puns, conversation, friends, food, martinis, but most of all his family.

Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan , a titan of 20th-century theoretical physics who made seminal contributions to several fields, passed away in Austin, Texas, on 13 May George was born on 16 September in Pallam, India. He also became the scribe for quantum mechanics lecturer Paul Dirac and took excellent notes for him. He also served as the director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India, from to In the mid s, the discovery of parity violation demanded a consistent theory of the weak force.

When researchers repeated the experiments, they yielded the results his theory predicted. That discovery was crucial to the later unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions by Steven Weinberg, Abdus Salam, and Sheldon Glashow. With Marshak and Okubo, George discovered the general theorem on sum rules with symmetry breaking and the first application of symmetry groups to obtain sum rules.

George also helped introduce other applications of group-theoretic methods that led to the relations between the magnetic moments of sigma particles and the transition moments of sigma and lambda particles. The classical and semiclassical theories of optical field coherence had been developed by Emil Wolf and Leonard Mandel during the s and s.

Roy Glauber proposed in February a quantum model for optical coherence, which involved normally ordered quantum correlation functions. With Baidyanath Misra, George predicted the quantum Zeno effect, so named because the decay of an unstable quantum state, measured sufficiently frequently, is hindered. His work with Piravonu Mathews and Jayaseetha Rau generalizing the classical stochastic processes to the quantum domain was the precursor to his later work on the development of quantum correlations between parts of a large system.

Ec george sudarshan biography of martin

That led to the theory of stochastic semigroups from which emerged the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan equation that forms the basis for the study of large open systems. George provided a nonrelativistic proof of the spin-statistics theorem by imposing appropriate restrictions on the kinematic part of the Lagrangian of a field theory derivable from a Weiss—Schwinger type of principle of least action.

George was always ready to branch out into new fields, and as a natural progression of his studies on open systems and dynamical maps, he was analyzing problems in quantum tomography and quantum computing during his last years. George received the first physics prize from the World Academy of Sciences in In addition, what was it about Texas that would lure him from a good situation in Syracuse?

George before Texas. MCC is considered to be one of the most prestigious colleges in India. He, then, attended the University of Madras for his graduate studies taking only one year to earn his Master of Arts degree. In , he moved to the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research TIFR in Mumbai to continue his graduate studies serving as a Research Assistant in a group studying the applications of the use of photographic techniques for the analysis of nuclear and elementary particle phenomena.

Working with S. Biswas and B. Peters, he developed the variable cell length constant sagitta method for the determination of masses of charged particles undergoing multiple scattering in nuclear emulsions. He also developed the use of high-order differences to deal with distorted emulsions 1. The name he used at the time was his given name of Ennackal Chandy George or E.

In scientific works published in the years following this period and his conversion to Hinduism, he used E. Robert E. He was very impressed with Sudarshan and lured him to Rochester to complete a Ph D. Arriving at Rochester in , Sudarshan was immediately immersed into the excitement of fundamental theoretical physics at the highest level while working among world-leading physicists.

He was quickly engaged in the give-and-take of discovery in particle physics. It was quickly evident that there had to be some organizing principle to the pattern of the newly observed particles. He was among the first to realize that understanding patterns of the higher internal symmetries and their breaking was the key. With Okubo, Marshak and Weinberg, he made the first application of broken symmetries in particle physics by analyzing the isotopic spin structure of the electromagnetic masses and moments.

He followed these with work on unitary symmetry. For his graduate research project, Marshak assigned to him the task of untangling the very mixed situation of the understanding of the weak interactions. The four—fermion interaction model of weak decay articulated by Fermi offered many possibilities, too many and contradictory. By a comprehensive and detailed analysis of all the weak decay data, Sudarshan came to the far-reaching conclusion that a V—A structure was consistent with all but four of the experiments.

This interaction was also the first time a chiral interaction favouring left-handed particles was articulated and parity, space inversion symmetry, was violated. The V — A parity violating form for the structure of the weak interactions was the first thread in the effort to unify the weak and electromagnetic interactions in what is now called the Standard Model.

We have a conventional theory of weak interactions invented by Marshak and Sudarshan, published by Feynman and Gell-Mann, and completed by Cabibbo 3. This work on V—A has to be considered their most impressive Ph D dissertation ever note 1. With the completion of his PhD at Rochester in two years, and the publication and extension of the V—A theory of weak interactions, he took up residency as a Corporate Fellow at Harvard University from to In , Sudarshan returned to Rochester as a faculty member.

This work on classical dynamics was later articulated in his book with N. Mukunda 7 , written after he had moved to Texas. During these studies, he developed, with D. Currie and T. This work is summarized in his book with J. Klaude During that time, his interests expanded to cover several new and important areas of physics research. There were about ten people, one other faculty appointment, A.

Research initiated in Rochester continued. Interests in quantum optics and symmetries were extended and, with Balachandran, Sudarshan extended his study of the Poincare and the Galilei groups and the physical interpretation of their unphysical representations; this led to his interest in tachyons. With 0. Bilaniuk and V. This paper caused quite a stir among the physics community.

He published a book with Marshak on elementary particle physics. The origins of the use of non-invariance groups and dynamical symmetries were initiated He extended his work on modern optics With Mukunda and J. Kuriyan, he invented the master analytic representation method for constructing all the unitary representations of many non- compact groups During the early s, the United States was the dominant world power and was regarded as the security needed to stem the threat of a growth of communism.

The successful launch of Sputnik 1 by USSR on 4 October , and the failure of the US to counter with a successful launch raised serious concerns in the western countries but particularly in the US. Prior to this, strong science, particularly basic university—based physics research, was concentrated on the east and west coasts and the Chicago 7 area.

The National Science Foundation initiated a major grant programme to build strong university research programmes, called Regional Development Grants, and Texas was a successful grantee. These grants were unusual in that they included capital expenditure for such items as buildings. The grant paid for two—thirds of the current physics building note 3.

Prior to the award of the Regional Development Grant, the university and the Physics Department note 4 were not ranked by any ranking organizations. In fact, the University had only two ranked program 4 linguistics and botany. As a part of the negotiations for the grant, the University committed to forming a separate Astronomy Department and expanded the size of the Physics Department.

The Physics Department approximately doubled in size to over 45 faculty and, with the maturity of the Faculty Associates to Assistant Professors, to over 50 faculty—equivalent positions. This was the income from the sale of oil from University land in west Texas and was allocated to support academic excellence. This if was accomplished through the establishment of research units called Centers.

As a part of the negotiations for the Regional Development Grant, there was a commitment to add several Centers in the sciences. The Center was a budgeted line item which at the time of his joining had three senior faculty and several Faculty Associates. George brought his group from Syracuse along with funding from the AEC. George completed his work on underlying structure of classical mechanics and articulated the results of these studies in a book written with Mukunda 7.

Using results of his earlier work on the Poincare group working with Mukunda, he developed a working scheme for constrained world lines in relativistic mechanics There are subtle questions related to the structure of a causal space—time and the quantum basis for our understanding of light. He extended his earlier studies 21 to ultimately promote the most comprehensive understanding of these objects George had an abiding interest in the relation of particle spin and particle interchange symmetry in multi-particle systems and this continued at Texas.

Sudarshan with Tom Imbo studied this question in a series of papers but these considerations did not yield the connection between spin and statistics He also showed that this product is symmetric for integer spin and antisymmetric for half—integer spins. These results were presented in his paper in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences and subsequent publications, including the monograph by Duck and Sudarshan, and in a paper with A.

Shaji This representation also predicts optical effects that are purely quantum, and cannot be explained classically. Sudarshan has made significant contributions to many other fields of physics. He was the first to propose the existence of tachyons, particles that travel faster than light. He developed formalism called dynamical maps that is one of the most fundamental formalism to study the theory of open quantum system.

He, in collaboration with Baidyanaith Misra, also proposed the quantum Zeno effect. During his tenure, he transformed it into a centre of excellence. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it. Categories : births deaths Indian physicists People from Kerala. Hidden categories: Articles with hCards People stubs. Toggle the table of contents. Raman Award Scientific career.

Wagle Prem Nath Wahi Yashpal. Patel D. Krishna Murti T. Ramachandra Rao A. Swaminathan K. Muthiah Chettiar M. Husain Pothan Joseph N. Malkani Vinoo Mankad R. Gundappa V. Sivaramamurti E. George Sudarshan. Srinivas Thenpattinam Ponnusamy Meenakshi Sundaran. Posthumous conferral — — — — — — — — Scientific Research in Kerala. Ajit Varki C.

Subramanian Dileep George E. George Sudarshan G. Madhavan Nair George Varghese K. Ramanathan K. Radhakrishnan M. Menon Matthew Pothen Thekaekara P. Krishnan Sainudeen Pattazhy T. Templates Category WikiProject India portal. Padma Award winners of Kerala. Adoor Gopalakrishnan E. George Sudarshan E. Sreedharan G. Madhavan Nair John Matthai K. Raj K.

Valiathan N. Pillai O. Kurup V. Krishna Menon V. Krishna Iyer Verghese Kurien K. Nambiar Ammannur Madhava Chakyar A. Ramachandran A. Sreedhara Menon C. Krishnan Nair Chembai E. Madhavan Nair G. Subramanyan K. Yesudas K. George K. Mathew K. Kesava Menon K. Nambiar K. Menon senior K. Radhakrishnan K. Sankaran Nair K. Shankar Pillai K. Sukumaran K.

Valiathan M. Vasudevan Nair M. Vijayan P. George T. Oommen T. Gopalakrishnan T. Ramachandran V. Balamani Amma Lakshmi N. Menon P. Leela Tara Cherian.