John knox brief biography of benjamin franklin

Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg. American Philosophical Society. Book Sources: Benjamin Franklin Click the title for location and availability information. By James Madison Stifler. October 4th, Ed. Labaree Editor ; Ralph L. Ketcham Editor ; Helen C. Archived from the original on October 15, Retrieved August 22, Smithsonian Institution.

Retrieved December 10, Metrocorp Publishing. Smith, D. Philadelphia , Printed by B. Franklin and D. Retrieved December 30, Harvard University. Retrieved August 20, Richmond, VA: J. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on July 11, Retrieved June 20, Leo Lemay, "Franklin, Benjamin".

American National Biography Online , February Archived from the original on October 5, The RSA. Archived from the original on September 16, Retrieved September 16, National Park Service ". The Kate Kennedy Club. Archived from the original on March 27, Retrieved November 8, Crowded with Genius. Documents for America's History, Volume 1: To The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson.

The Political Trial of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Algora Publishing. Archived from the original on January 3, Great Britain: Sutton Publishing, , p. January 15, Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Palgrave Macmillan. The question at the heart of this volume is the reliability, indeed, the fundamental honesty, of Donald McCormick, best known under his nom de plume, Richard Deacon.

As the chapters generally attest, 'Deacon' McCormick could be an unreliable, even misleading, source. Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. Colonial Williamsburg Journal. Retrieved April 19, Boston: Whittemore, Niles and Hall. Retrieved December 16, A Londres : Chez J. January 27, Archived from the original on November 23, Retrieved January 27, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Retrieved July 28, Archived from the original on December 30, Archived from the original on October 23, Retrieved February 27, Eccentric France: Bradt Guide to mad, magical and marvellous France. Bradt Travel Guides. Retrieved March 17, Archived from the original on May 16, George Washington: American Symbol. Hudson Hills. Benjamin Franklin Historical Society.

Archived from the original on June 27, Retrieved September 17, February 1, Retrieved February 17, National Constitution Center — constitutioncenter. Retrieved June 22, Companion to the French Revolution. New York: Facts on File. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Bernard Benjamin Franklin's Science. Harvard University Press.

Brands , The First American, p. Franklin Papers. Archived from the original on October 20, Retrieved May 1, Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography. Archived from the original on February 18, Retrieved February 15, Archived February 18, Retrieved December 21, Harvard University Gazette. Archived from the original on July 25, Retrieved August 9, Retrieved February 6, Benjamin Franklin, A Biography.

Random House. Museum of Science Boston. Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved September 28, The New York Times. June 1, Retrieved March 16, Physics Today. Bibcode : PhT Benjamin Franklin and the Politics of Improvement. Yale U. Leo Journal of Economic History. Cornell U. Archived from the original on December 2, Retrieved December 11, The First Salute.

Knopf Publishing Group. Ocean Explorer: Readings for ocean explorers. Archived from the original on December 18, Retrieved July 15, March 29, A1, B7 February 6, Duke University Press. Retrieved October 2, Heidorn, PhD. Eclipsed By Storm. The Weather Doctor. October 1, Archived from the original on June 15, Retrieved December 3, The True Benjamin Franklin 5 ed.

Philadelphia: J. Lippincott Company. London: Longmans, Brown, and Co. Archived from the original on January 28, Retrieved September 14, Retrieved June 30, Isis , 34 5 , — Experimental researches in electricity. Franklin's experiments on the non-conduction of ice Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania. Pergamon Press.

In the fourth series of his electrical researches, Mr. Gratzer, Eurekas and Euphorias, pp. In Willcox, William Bradford ed. The papers of Benjamin Franklin: January 1 through December 31, New Haven: Yale University Press. Lemay, p. Archived from the original on May 31, Benjamin Franklin Papers. Archived from the original on July 26, Retrieved December 24, Autobiography and other writings.

Cambridge: Riverside. InterVarsity Press.

John knox brief biography of benjamin franklin

Other Deists and natural religionists who considered themselves Christians in some sense of the word included Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. The Grand Convention , pp. The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit of Capitalism". Translated by Peter Baehr; Gordon C. Penguin Books. The Political Thought of Benjamin Franklin. Lindsey Press, ". Archived from the original on March 26, Archived from the original on May 28, Despite being raised a Puritan of the Congregationalist stripe by his parents, who "brought me through my Childhood piously in the Dissenting Way", Franklin recalled, he abandoned that denomination, briefly embraced deism, and finally became a non-denominational Protestant Christian.

The Historian. Retrieved December 17, National Archives Oxford University Press , , pp. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Retrieved June 12, Retrieved March 23, University of Georgia Press. The English Literatures of America, — Psychology Press. The Vegetarian Resource Group. Retrieved February 8, Humane Decisions. Miami New Times. Feast and Phrase.

Archived from the original on January 24, Soyinfo Center. Founders Online. July Retrieved September 27, — via The Conversation. Retrieved September 27, — via Boston Globe. Institute for Music Leadership. Retrieved April 3, G Finkenbeiner Inc. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 21, November 22, The Christian Science Monitor.

The bel canto operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini. Amadeus Press. Retrieved April 26, The History of Chess in Fifty Moves. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved November 3, Dollar Amount — to Present". Archived from the original on April 8, Retrieved October 21, To which is added, a Letter from M. London: T. Cadell, February 7, Archived from the original on May 10, Archived from the original on July 31, Archived from the original JPG on March 1, Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.

New York: Doubleday. Krause Pubns Inc. Savings Bond Images". Archived from the original on September 5, The Intelligencer. Associated Press. April 13, Retrieved January 23, — via Newspapers. Bibcode : Natur. Smithsonian Magazine. The Craven Street Gazette. The Friends of Benjamin Franklin House. August Archived from the original PDF on September 29, Retrieved September 8, Main article: Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin.

Further information: Bibliography of early American publishers and printers. Library resources about Benjamin Franklin. Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries. In this role he instituted various measures to improve mail service; however, the British dismissed him from the job in because he was deemed too sympathetic to colonial interests.

In July , the Continental Congress appointed Franklin the first postmaster general of the United States, giving him authority over all post offices from Massachusetts to Georgia. He held this position until November , when he was succeeded by his son-in-law. The first U. In , Franklin, then 42 years old, had expanded his printing business throughout the colonies and become successful enough to stop working.

Retirement allowed him to concentrate on public service and also pursue more fully his longtime interest in science. In the s, he conducted experiments that contributed to the understanding of electricity, and invented the lightning rod, which protected buildings from fires caused by lightning. In , he conducted his famous kite experiment and demonstrated that lightning is electricity.

Franklin also coined a number of electricity-related terms, including battery, charge and conductor. In addition to electricity, Franklin studied a number of other topics, including ocean currents, meteorology, causes of the common cold and refrigeration. He developed the Franklin stove, which provided more heat while using less fuel than other stoves, and bifocal eyeglasses, which allow for distance and reading use.

In the early s, Franklin invented a musical instrument called the glass armonica. In , at a meeting of colonial representatives in Albany, New York , Franklin proposed a plan for uniting the colonies under a national congress. Although his Albany Plan was rejected, it helped lay the groundwork for the Articles of Confederation , which became the first constitution of the United States when ratified in In , Franklin traveled to London as a representative of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to which he was elected in Over several years, he worked to settle a tax dispute and other issues involving descendants of William Penn , the owners of the colony of Pennsylvania.

After a brief period back in the U. Franklin sailed to London to negotiate a long-standing dispute with the proprietors of the colony, the Penn family, taking William and his two enslaved people but leaving behind Deborah and Sarah. He spent much of the next two decades in London, where he was drawn to the high society and intellectual salons of the cosmopolitan city.

After Franklin returned to Philadelphia in , he toured the colonies to inspect its post offices. Since Franklin purchased stamps for his printing business and nominated a friend as the Pennsylvania stamp distributor, some colonists thought Franklin implicitly supported the new tax, and rioters in Philadelphia even threatened his house.

Franklin fanned the flames of revolution by sending the private letters of Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson to America. The letters called for the restriction of the rights of colonists, which caused a firestorm after their publication by Boston newspapers. In the wake of the scandal, Franklin was removed as deputy postmaster general, and he returned to North America in as a devotee of the patriot cause.

In , Franklin was elected to the Second Continental Congress and appointed the first postmaster general for the colonies. In , he was appointed commissioner to Canada and was one of five men to draft the Declaration of Independence. After voting for independence in , Franklin was elected commissioner to France, making him essentially the first U.

At the age of 74, he even proposed marriage to a widow named Madame Helvetius, but she rejected him. Franklin was embraced in France as much, if not more, for his wit and intellectual standing in the scientific community as for his status as a political appointee from a fledgling country. His reputation facilitated respect and entrees into closed communities, including the court of King Louis XVI.

And it was his adept diplomacy that led to the Treaty of Paris in , which ended the Revolutionary War. After almost a decade in France, Franklin returned to the United States in Franklin was elected in to represent Pennsylvania at the Constitutional Convention , which drafted and ratified the new U. The oldest delegate at the age of 81, Franklin initially supported proportional representation in Congress, but he fashioned the Great Compromise that resulted in proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation by state in the Senate.

In , he helped found the Society for Political Inquiries, dedicated to improving knowledge of government. Franklin was never elected president of the United States. However, he played an important role as one of eight Founding Fathers, helping draft the Declaration of Independence and the U. He also served several roles in the government: He was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly and appointed as the first postmaster general for the colonies as well as diplomat to France.

He was a true polymath and entrepreneur, which is no doubt why he is often called the "First American. Franklin died on April 17, , in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the home of his daughter, Sarah Bache. He was 84, suffered from gout and had complained of ailments for some time, completing the final codicil to his will a little more than a year and a half prior to his death.

He bequeathed most of his estate to Sarah and very little to his son William, whose opposition to the patriot cause still stung him.