Rajeev bahman biography sample paper

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Rajeev bahman biography sample paper

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Can I download a sample? Do I need to pay for these samples? Define the Topic and Structure with Ease By studying a sample biography essay in our database, you can get a better understanding of the structuring essentials. Find more samples:. All rights reserved. This conflict period continued until the death of Deva Raya II in He was well-versed in religious sciences like Quran commentaries and jurisprudence, and had a keen interest in logic and natural sciences such as botany and geometry.

Firuz Shah was also a skilled calligraphist and poet , often composing verses spontaneously. He was proficient in Persian , Arabic , Turkish , Telugu , Kannada , and Marathi , and had a diverse harem with many wives from different regions, including Hindu wives, with whom he conversed in their native languages. Firuz Shah aimed to establish the Deccan as India's cultural center, benefiting from the decline of the Delhi Sultanate, which led to an influx of learned individuals from Delhi, as well as scholars from Iran and Iraq.

He spent his evenings engaging with divines , poets , and learned courtiers, and was respectful of all religions, despite being an orthodox Muslim with a fondness for wine and music. One of his significant contributions was the large-scale inclusion of Hindus in administration, leading to the dominance of Deccani Brahmins in governance.

This inclusion helped balance the influence of foreign immigrants, particularly Persians, who brought Persian culture and Shia doctrines. The Bahmani rulers were generally tolerant in religious matters, with most being Sunnis but not persecuting Shiism. The jizyah tax on Hindus was not levied during the early phase of Bahmani rule and was likely collected later as part of land-revenue.

Firuz Shah promoted astronomy and established an observatory near Daulatabad. He also focused on major ports like Chaul and Dabhol , which attracted trade from the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, bringing in luxury goods from around the world. Narsingh was restored to Kherla and made an amir of the kingdom. The struggle for control over the Krishna-Godavari basin continued, but in , the Bahmani kingdom faced a setback when Firuz Shah Bahmani was defeated by Deva Raya I.

This defeat weakened Firuz's position, leading to his abdication in favor of his brother Ahmad Shah I. Interestingly, he was also regarded as a saint by Hindus, to the extent that his urs death anniversary was celebrated jointly by both communities until recent times. He continued to contest for dominance over the eastern seaboard of South India.

Ahmad Shah remembered that in the last two battles where the Bahmani Sultan was defeated, the ruler of Warangal had allied with Vijayanagar. Seeking revenge, he invaded Warangal, defeated and killed its ruler in battle, and annexed most of its territories. To consolidate his control over the newly acquired lands, Ahmad Shah moved the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.

After securing his new territories, he focused his efforts on Malwa, Gondwana, and the Konkan regions. Age of Mahmud Gawan Rise of Bahmani Kingdom 15th Century : The Bahmani kingdom emerged as the dominant power in southern India, following the conquest of Warangal by Ahmad Shah, indicating a shift in the balance of power. The Bahmanids seized this opportunity to consolidate their power and expand northwards and westwards, leading to conflicts with the rulers of Malwa and Gujarat.

Internal strife between the Afaqis Newcomers and Deccanis Oldcomers created turmoil until Mahmud Gawan rose to prominence. Mahmud Gawan's Rise to Power : Mahmud Gawan, an Iranian, first appeared in when he was tasked with dealing with a pretender against the sultan. He gained influence and became a member of the council of regency after the sultan's death in In , a new prince appointed Mahmud Gawan as prime minister wakil-i-sultanat with the title Khwaja-i-Jahan and Malik-ut-Tajjar, despite never being a trader.

Mahmud Gawan's Administration : Gawan dominated state affairs for twenty years, attempting to expand the kingdom's frontiers east and west. He allied with Vijayanagar to oust the Gajpati ruler of Orissa and made further conquests at Orissa's expense. His major military achievement was the conquest of western coastal areas, including Dabhol and Goa, which significantly impacted Vijayanagar and boosted overseas trade.

Conflict with Malwa and Gujarat : Gawan sought to stabilize the kingdom's northern frontiers, contending with the Khalji rulers of Malwa over Gondwana, Berar, and Konkan. With the help of Gujarat, he engaged in battles against Mahmud Khalji of Malwa over Berar, successfully securing the territory. Interconnected Struggles : The conflicts in the south were driven by political, strategic, and trade considerations rather than religious divisions.

The struggles in north and south India were interconnected, with Malwa and Gujarat involved in Deccan affairs and Orissa engaged in conflicts with Bengal and eyeing the Coromandel coast. Conflict with Vijayanagar : The expansion of the Bahmani kingdom led to renewed conflict with Vijayanagar, which by this time was weaker. Mahmud Gawan annexed the Tungabhadra doab and conducted raids deep into Vijayanagar territory, reaching as far south as Kanchi.

Mahmud Gawan's Character and Legacy : Despite the prevalent drinking and indulgence of the time, Gawan was known for his high character and avoidance of low pursuits. A lover of justice, he treated the poor and rich equally, showing no favoritism to his own Irani group. His devotion to his masters and dedication to helping the poor were notable traits.

He lived simply, distributing much of his income to the needy and eschewing pomp and show. Internal reforms, art and architecture of Mahmud Gawan Mahmud Gawan's Administrative Reforms : He divided the old provinces into eight instead of four, with governors appointed directly by the sultan. Nobles had fixed salaries and obligations, paid in cash or through jagirs , which covered land revenue collection expenses.

A tract of land called khalisa was set aside in each province for the Sultan's expenses, with efforts to measure land and fix cultivator payments to the state. Gawan organized the army systematically, raising salaries and providing facilities while enforcing strict discipline. He centralized military power, previously held by Jagirdars , under the Sultan's control, improving efficiency and revitalizing the army.

He managed the nobles ' rivalries, particularly between the Dakhani and Iranian Amirs, maintaining strict control without favoring either group. Agricultural improvements were made through irrigation projects , and burdensome taxes on peasants were abolished. Gawan organized finances effectively, reducing unnecessary expenses to ensure the state's smooth functioning, establishing peace and order.

He was a patron of the arts, building a madrasa in Bidar, accommodating 1, teachers and students, and attracting renowned scholars from Iran and Iraq. The nobles were divided into two groups: old-comers Deccanis and newcomers Afaqis. Mahmud Gawan, a newcomer, struggled to gain the trust of the Deccanis. Despite his efforts for conciliation , party strife continued.

Gawan was eventually executed in by the young Sultan, influenced by his opponents, despite being over 70 years old. Division of the Bahmani Kingdom : After Gawan's execution, party strife intensified. Governors of the Bahmani kingdom became independent. The kingdom eventually split into five principalities: Golconda , Bijapur , Ahmadnagar , Berar , and Bidar.

Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Golconda became prominent in Deccan politics until absorbed by the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century. Cultural Bridge and Influence : The Bahmani kingdom served as a cultural bridge between northern and southern India. It established strong ties with West Asian countries , including Iran and Turkey. The resulting culture had unique features distinct from northern India.

These cultural traditions were carried on by successor states and influenced the development of Mughal culture. Question for Bahmani Kingdom Bahmanids. Try yourself:.